Selfstudy Content

# Meaning of Division of Labour Emile Durkheim was the first to propound the theory that division of labour in his book ‘Division of Labour in Society’. The Division of Labor in Society, Durkheim discusses how the division of labor is beneficial for society because it increases the productive capacity, the skill of the workman, and it creates a feeling of solidarity between people. Durkheim demonstrated his method of analysis to explain the evolution of society from the primitive to the modern. He classified a society by the nature of social solidarity which existed in that society. He argued that while a primitive society was organised according to Mechanical solidarity and modern society was based on Organic solidarity. Every society, primitive and modern has the institution of division of labour. The division of labour is a system of distribution of work among the people according to their skill and competence. When the manufacturing process of an article is spilt up into several p...

# Similarities between Occupation and Profession 1. Both occupations and professions involve individuals engaging in work activities to earn a living. 2. Both occupation and professions contribute to individuals' financial well-being and livelihood. 3. Both occupations and professions offer opportunities for individuals to apply their skills, knowledge, and expertise. 4. Both can provide avenues for career growth, skill development, and learning. 5. Both occupations and professions contribute to societal needs and serve various sectors and industries. 6. They both require individuals to demonstrate professionalism, responsibility, and accountability in their work. 7. Both occupations and professions can involve interactions with clients, customers, or stakeholders. 8. Both occupation and profession can provide individuals with a sense of purpose, identity, and fulfillment in their work. 9. Both occupations and professions can require individuals to adhere to certain standards, regu...

# Meaning of Profession Profession is an activity that requires specialized training, knowledge, qualification and skills. It implies membership of a professional body and certificate of practice. The individuals who undertake professions of rendering personalized services are called professionals who are guided by a certain code of conduct set up by the respective body. A profession is an occupation for which a person has to undergo specialized training or internship for getting a high degree of education and expertise in the concerned area. The main objective of the profession is to render services to those who need them. For example; doctors, engineers, lawyers, chartered accountant, etc. #  Advantages of Profession 1. Professions offer opportunities for individuals to specialize in a specific field or area of expertise. 2. They provide higher income potential and greater financial rewards compared to many occupations. 3. Professions often have well-defi...

#   Occupation Occupation is an activity undertaken by the person to earn his livelihood. It can be business profession or employment that a person undertakes to make money. When a professional is paid for his skill or talent, it is known as occupation. In other words, an activity performed by a person normally for monetary compensation is known as the Occupation. Occupation refers to the kind of economic activity endeavored by a person regularly for earning money. When someone engages or occupies himself most of the time in any economic activity that activity is known as their occupation. An occupation does not necessarily require specialized schooling in a particular stream. Physical or mental both kinds of job are included in an occupation. For example; drivers, shopkeepers, a government servant, clerks, accountants, etc . # Advantages of occupation 1. Occupations provide individuals with a means of earning a living and meeting their financial needs. 2.They off...

# Meaning of Social Control The term social control refers to the process of maintaining social order and stability. Social control is a concept referring to rules and restrictions that shape, supervise and regulate the behaviors of individuals and societies. Social control is the control of society over the individual.   For example, shaming individuals who have engaged in crime by exposing them through public media such as newspapers, suspending a worker who has not been as productive in their work. # Definition of Social Control 1.  According to Karl Mannheim :- “Social control is the sum of those methods by which a society tries to influence human behavior to maintain a given order.” 2.  According to Ogburn and Nimkoff :- “Social control refers to the patterns of pressure which society exert to maintain order and established rules.” 3.  According to MacIver :- “By social order is meant the way in which the entire social order coheres and maintains itself,...

# Meaning of Legitimacy The term legitimacy is derived from the Latin word ‘Legitimus’ which means lawful. However in modern times, the term has a different meaning. Legitimacy is commonly defined in sociology as the belief that a rule, institution or leader has the right to govern.   Legitimacy itself is a fundamentally subjective and nominative concept. It exists only in the beliefs of an individual about the rightfulness of rule. It is closely linked to authority i.e., in order to have authority then they must be viewed as legitimate. # Definition of Legitimacy 1.  According to Jean Blondel :- “Legitimacy can be defined as the extent to which the population accept naturally, without questioning the organization to which it belong.” 2.  According to S.M. Lipset :- “Legitimacy involves the capacity of the system to engender and maintain the belief that the existing political institutions are the most appropriate ones for the society.” 3.  According to J.C. Piano :...

⇒ Indian law is a unique blend of English, Hindu, Islamic and other influences upon a culture which has a long history of 3000 years. ⇒ Indian legal system history can be divided into approximately four periods: (1)     Ancient Period The Indian subcontinent is the cradle of one of the world’s oldest civilizations- the Indus civilization or the Harappan civilization, which thrived from 2700 to 1500 BCE, eventually went into decline over the next thousand years. As its influence waned, the Indian subcontinent was invaded by the Aryans, a group of people from Central Asia, who arrived around 1500 BCE and continued to shape the region's culture and history until around 500 BCE. When the Aryans settled in India, they themselves formed into three classes- the priest, the common people and the Warriors. The Dasas, the native inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent, were regarded as inferior by the Aryan invaders and were subsequently treated as subordinates, even slaves. This hierarc...

1. Law serves as the standard for accepted behaviour in society. 2. Law provides access to justice in society. 3. Law provides a wide range of professional opportunities. 4. Law protects the most vulnerable in society. 5. Law protects basic human rights. 6. Laws are important for social progress in society. 7. Laws are important to maintain peace in society. 8. Law brings about socialization. 9. Modernization and societal progress are aided by the law

# In Tabular form  Customs Law Custom is a group of procedures that has gradually emerged, without express enactment, without any constituted authority to declare it; to apply it and to safeguard it. Law is explicitly and deliberately made by definite power of the state. Custom does not need any special agency for its application; it is enforced by spontaneous social action. Law is applied by a special agency and is sanctioned by organized coercive authority. No physical penalty visits a violator of custom. Punishment is meted out to one who violates the law. Customs are not definite or clear. They are not codified in any single book so that it becomes difficult to know all the customs of the land. Law is a specific, definite and clear known to all. Customs cannot be readily changed. It is relatively fixed and permanent. Law can readily adjust itself to changing condition.  Customs fade and disappear without formal abolition and without recognition by any authority. Laws dis...